Bordering Maharashtra and Goa, Belgaum is one of the fastest growing cities in Karnataka. Belgaum has several large industries, important among them is the INDAL aluminium factory. Belgaum is also home to several divisions of the Indian Armed Forces.

The Maratha light infantry has it's regimental head-quarters in Belgaum. The commando school of the Indian Army is also situated in Belgaum. The Indian Air Force has a big airbase near Belgaum.